Chess

Objective

Checkmate the other king: attack it so it has no legal escape. White moves first. Pieces are Font Awesome icons from the Maths Vault Pro kit.

How pieces move

• King — one square in any direction.
• Queen — any number of squares, rank, file or diagonal.
• Rook — any number of squares along a rank or file.
• Bishop — any number of squares diagonally.
• Knight — an L-shape: two then one. It can jump.
• Pawn — forward one (two from its starting rank), captures one square diagonally.

Special rules

• Castling — king two squares towards a rook, rook hops to the other side. Neither piece may have moved, the path must be empty, and the king may not castle out of, through, or into check.
• En passant — if a pawn double-steps alongside an enemy pawn, that pawn may capture it as if it had moved only one square, but only on the next move.
• Promotion — a pawn that reaches the far rank becomes a queen, rook, bishop or knight.

Endings and draws

• Checkmate — the king is in check and has no legal move.
• Stalemate — the side to move has no legal move, but is not in check: draw.
• Fifty-move rule — fifty moves each with no pawn move or capture: draw.
• Threefold repetition — the same position, to move, with the same rights, occurs three times: draw.
• Insufficient material — king versus king, or king and bishop/knight versus king, or bishops of the same colour: draw.